The cause of gn is generally thought to be similar to that of trigeminal neuralgia. Diseases of the ninth cranial glossopharyngeal nerve or its nuclei in the medulla. It is the nerve of ordinary sensation to the mucous membrane of the pharynx, fauces, and palatine tonsil, and the nerve. Cranial nerves ix and x the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves anatomy of cranial nerve ix glossopharyngeal nerve the glossopharyngeal nerve contains motor, sensory, and parasympathetic fibers. Possible causes for this type of nerve pain neuralgia are. It is one of the four cranial nerves that has sensory, motor, and parasympathetic functions. Remember that the facial nerve is responsible for taste to the. A description of the anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve. The glossopharyngeal nerve is cranial nerve 9, nine, nueve, ix cn ix has more sensory responsibilities than motor, but does have key motor innervation as well. The rootlets originate in the upperpart of the postolivary sulcus, between the olive and the inferior peduncle of the medulla oblongata, and exit the cranium with parasympathetic nerve fibers from the salivatory nucleus, the vagus and spinal accessory nerves cn x and xi. Glossopharyngeal nerve definition, either of the ninth pair of cranial nerves, consisting of motor fibers that innervate the muscles of the pharynx, the soft palate, and the parotid glands, and of sensory fibers that conduct impulses to the brain from the pharynx, the middle ear, and the posterior third of the tongue. The rootlets unify to create just one trunk which runs forwards and laterally to leave the cranial cavity by going through the intermediate compartment of the jugular foramen enclosed in another sheath of dura mater. This cranial nerve can be tested by assessing the gag reflex, which is performed by gently stroking the patients back of the throat with a. It exits the brainstem out from the sides of the upper medulla, just rostral to the vagus nerve and has sensory, motor, and autonomic components.
Nov 18, 2017 glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a disorder that is associated with repeated episodes of severe pain in the tongue, throat, ear, and tonsils. An overview of the anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve including its course, branches, function and clinical relevance. The face a neurosensory perspective swiss dental journal. It is the nerve of ordinary sensation to the mucous membrane of the pharynx, fauces, and palatine tonsil, and the nerve of taste to the posterior part of the tongue. The parasympathetic preganglionic fibers from the inferior salivatory nucleus terminate in a parasympathetic otic ganglion located near the parotid gland. So thats all on clinical anatomy of the cranial nerves.
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a disorder that is associated with repeated episodes of severe pain in the tongue, throat, ear, and tonsils. Blood vessels pressing on the glossopharyngeal nerve. The accessory nerve is divided into two branches, different in their origins and their functions. Of course, we are not speaking about the legends of the rock n roll, but about the 12 cranial nerves. Glossopharyngeal nerve, 9th cranial nerve, is a mixed nerve which carries afferent sensory and efferent motor information. Glossopharyngeal nerve definition of glossopharyngeal nerve. Vagus nerve, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, carotid artery, brain stem, cranial nerves, neurology. Cranial nerves ix and x the glossopharyngeal and vagus. It separates from the glossopharyngeal nerve directly under the jugular foramen, and then it courses forward and laterally across the inferior side of the temporal pyramid, where it enters the tympanic canal. Functional anatomy of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory. The glossopharyngeal nerve is a paired set of nerves, which is part of the 24 cranial nerves. The glossopharyngeal nerve gpn is a rarely considered cranial nerve in imaging interpretation, mainly because clinical signs may remain unnoticed, but also due to its complex anatomy and inconspicuousness in conventional crosssectional imaging. Inadvertent puncture of either vessel during glossopharyngeal nerve block can result in. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia gpn, also known as cranial mononeuropathy or vagoglossopharyngeal neuralgia, first coined in 1921 by harris, constitutes a rare pain syndrome resulted due to irritation of the glossopharyngeal nerve the 9th of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
Cranial nerve palsies knowledge for medical students and. Applied anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve cnix the following course has been created to provide a comprehensive overview of the applied anatomy of the ninth cranial nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is due to irritation of the glossopharyngeal nerve and presents with repeated episodes of severe pain in the tongue, throat, ear, and tonsils, which can last from a few seconds to a few minutes. The radial nerve continues through the arm and is paralleled by the ulnar nerve and the median nerve. Multiple cranial neuropathies are common, particularly in lesions arising from tumors, trauma, impaired blood flow, and infections. Glossopharyngeal definition of glossopharyngeal by medical. The glossopharyngeal nerve, cn ix, is the ninth paired cranial nerve. Clinical anatomy of the cranial nerves 1st edition pdf. The ninth cranial nerve, which exits the skull through the jugular foramen, has both motor and sensory components. Jun 20, 2009 learn about the glossopharyngeal nerve, learn about its function and its location. Nerve supply the tongue by another the glossopharyngeal nerve, and the throat and larynx by certain branches of a third the vagus nerve, all of which subserve touch, temperature, and pain sensitivity in the tongue, as well as taste. Sensation in all forms including taste from the posterior of the tongue.
This nerve is most clinically relevant in the setting of glossopharyngeal neuralgia, but an injury to it can also be a complication of carotid endarterectomy. Afferent and efferent fibers from main motor nucleus of glossopharyngeal nerve it receives input fibers called corticonuclear fibers from both cerebral hemispheres, and its output fibers supply the stylopharyngeus muscle the parasympathetic nucleus of glossopharyngeal nerve. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia radiology reference article. Gross anatomycranial nerves questions and study guide. The lingual nerve is a sensory branch of the posterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve supplying sensation both gustatory taste and nongustatory to the anterior twothirds of the tongue. If youre in the market for qbanks and practice tests for the usmlecomlex, check out board vitals.
Anatomical variation of the alveolar inferior nerve. Courses inferiorly with the carotid sheath in the neck. The glossopharyngeal nerve originates from the upper part of the lateral aspect of the medulla between the olive and the inferior cerebellar peduncle by three or four rootlets. Paul rea, in clinical anatomy of the cranial nerves, 2014. The glossopharyngeal nerve is the ninth ix of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves. Glossopharyngeal nerve overview in 5 minutes human. The glossopharyngeal nerve ninth cranial nerve, cn ix, latin.
This is part of the parasympathetic nervous system because saliva is involved in the digestive process. Glossopharyngeal nerve an overview sciencedirect topics. All the nerves are distributed in the head and neck except the tenth, which also supplies structures in the thorax and abdomen. The glossopharyngeal nerve, known as the ninth cranial nerve cn ix, is a mixed nerve that. The glossopharyngeal nerve cranial nerve ix is a mixed function nerve with motor, sensory, and special sensory fibers. The glossopharyngeal nerve, also known as the ninth cranial nerve, is no exception. It exists the brainstem from the side of upper medulla, rostral to the vagus nerve. The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies sensory innervation to the oropharynx, and thus carries the afferent information for the gag reflex. The head movement stimulates the vestibular nerve cn viii via a synaptic relationship with the bony and membranous labyrinth as well as the receptor organ. Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve v2 or vb maxillary nerve anatomy medical animations duration. We performed a 3d balanced fastfield echo imaging technique 3dbffe to obtain detailed anatomy of the cisternal segments of cns ix, x, and xi. Microsurgical anatomy of the posterior fossa cranial nerves. In 1825 72%, the radial artery was closely associated with a sensory nerve branch near the level of the rs sbrn 1225, lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.
You would test nerve function by asking the patient to. Glossopharyngeal nerve anatomy the glossopharyngeal nerve is responsible for the innervation of part of the tongue and the pharynx. It originates from the medulla oblongata and terminates in the pharynx. The stylopharyngeal branch of glossopharyngeal nerve is distributed to the stylopharyngeus. This ninth cranial nerve has a close relation to the vagus nerve both structurally and functionally. The anatomy of the inferior petrosal sinus, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, and accessory nerve in the jugular foramen article pdf available in american journal of neuroradiology 161. Anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve sciencedirect.
Provides parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland. These fibers then exit through the jugular foramen. Besides the glossopharyngeal nerve, this nucleus participates in forming of the trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, and the vagus nerve. These nerves are arranged in twelve pairs, of which the glossopharyngeal is the ninth. Cranial nerves are involved in head and neck function, and processes such as eating, speech and facial expression. The use and interpretation of medical examinations to determine the integrity and adequate function of the glossopharyngeal nerve ninth cranial nerve. The components of the glossopharyngeal nerve include. Although this nerve has multiple branches and functional components, it is often overlooked clinically.
The glossopharyngeal nerve is the 9th cranial nerve cn ix. The glossopharyngeal nerve, known as the ninth cranial nerve cn ix, is a mixed nerve that carries afferent sensory and efferent motor information. By serving the carotid sinus, the glossopharyngeal nerve provides for reflex control of the heart. Note that the glossopharyngeal nerve is made up of three to five rootlets only two shown on this schematic. In this article, we shall look at the anatomical course of the nerve, and the motor, sensory and parasympathetic functions of its terminal branches. Glossopharyngeal nerve gn is the ninth cranial nerve, with a short course from the jugular foramen to the ear and throat. Mar 23, 2020 glossopharyngeal neuralgia gpn is believed to be caused by irritation of the ninth cranial nerve, called the glossopharyngeal nerve. Anatomy the initial part of the afferent or sensory visual pathway optic nerve cn ii, the optic chiasm, and the optic tract, is evaluated in conjunction with the pathway responsible for constriction of the pupil the rostral mesencephalon or midbrain, specifically the parasympathetic component of the cn iii nucleus. Mar 20, 2017 cranial nerve ix anatomy lecture for medical students usmle step 1 duration. Itexits the brainstem out from the sides of theupper medulla, just rostral closer to the nose tothe vagus nerve. The face is a unique part of the body with its indi vidual anatomical. Jan 15, 2015 the glossopharyngeal nerve has many functions, including receiving various forms of sensory fibers from parts of the tongue, carotid body, the tonsils, the pharynx, and the middle ear. Today, we discuss a more straightforward, neuro anatomy question about the glossopharyngeal nerve.
This nerve provides the innervation for one of the special senses. Applied anatomy of the superficial branch of the radial nerve. The mandibular nerve is the third and inferior division of. Name the nuclei, functional components and distibution of glossopharyngeal nerve. Episodes of pain may last from a few seconds to a few minutes and usually occur on one side of the face. Cranial nerve palsy is characterized by a decreased or complete loss of function of one or more cranial nerves. Injury to the glossopharyngeal nerve is a known risk factor in tonsillectomy because the nerve traverses the fascial bed of the tonsil. The cisternal segments of the lower cranial nerves cns adjacent to the jugular foramen jf are difficult to identify reliably by routine mr imaging.
The glossopharyngeal nerve is responsible for carrying both general sensations such as touch and taste from the back of the tongue. The microsurgical anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve with. When a foreign object touches the back of the mouth, this stimulates cnix, beginning the reflex. You suspect damage to the accessory nerve in the posterior triangle.
Clinical examination a comprehensive collection of clinical examination osce guides that include stepbystep images of key steps, video demonstrations and pdf. Glossopharyngeal nerve cranial nerve ix just like there is the club 27 in the world of rock n roll, there is sort of the club 12 when it comes to the anatomy of head and neck. The glossopharyngeal nerve contains sensory fibers from the pharynx, tongue posterior onethird, and the tonsils. Glossopharyngeal nerve radiology reference article. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve macn courses in the medial arm to provide sensory innervation to the medial forearm. The other name of the parasympathetic nerve of the glossopharyngeal nerve is the inferior salivatory. Glossopharyngeal nerve definition and meaning collins.
These areas are all connected to the ninth cranial nerve, also called the glossopharyngeal nerve. Anatomy physiological nystagmus is assessed by moving the patients head from left to right in a horizontal plane, and then back again. Oculomotor nerve and clinical correlates part 1 duration. Glossopharyngeal nerve this page describes the path of the glossopharyngeal nerve with brain mri axial t1 and t2 weighted images. The intercostal nerve trunk and its two terminal cutaneous branches are separated from. In this video, we walk you through it in just 5 minutes. Understanding the precise and detailed anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve in the parapharyngeal space is important in transoral surgery for indications such as transoral robotic surgery or transoral laser microsurgery tumor resection, lingual tonsillectomy, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal nerve block, and internal carotid artery. The glossopharyngeal nerve is a lower cranial nerve arising in the posterior cranial fossa. The glossopharyngeal nerve exits from the jugular foramen in proximity to the vagus and accessory nerve and the internal jugular vein. Glossopharyngeal nerve definition is either of the ninth pair of cranial nerves that are mixed nerves and supply chiefly the pharynx, posterior tongue, and parotid gland called also glossopharyngeal.
The anatomy of the inferior petrosal sinus, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagu s nerve, and accessory nerve in the jugular foramen author david rubinstein, bradford s. With sensory fibers the nerve supplies the root of the tongue including the vallate papillae, as well as the mucosa of the tympanic cavity, the. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia gn is a rare disease characterized by brief episodes of pain in the base of the tongue and deep pain in the neck. The sensory fibers origin include the pharynx, middle ear, posterior onethird of the tongue including taste buds. This mixed nerve finds its roots of its motor fibers in the nucleus within the medulla oblongata. It is the nerve of ordinary sensation to the mucous membrane of the pharynx, fauces, and palatine tonsil, and. The glossopharyngeal nerve provides motor innervation to the stylopharyngeus muscle and the superior constrictor pharyngeal muscle. Detailed mr imaging anatomy of the cisternal segments of. Information about of glossopharyngeal nerve is the ixth cranial nerve a free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. It supplies the striated branchial muscles of the pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus via the ninth, tenth, and eleventh nerves. It runs lateral to the internal carotid artery, then passes downward and forwa glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves cranial nerves ix, x aclands video atlas of human anatomy.
Ppt glossopharyngeal nerve powerpoint presentation free. It also contains secretomotor fibers destined for the parotid gland as well as motor fibers for the stylopharyngeus. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia genetic and rare diseases. The motor division of theglossopharyngeal nerve is derived from the basalplate of the embryonic medulla oblongata, whilethe sensory division originates from. Spinal nerves c4 through t1 reorganize through this plexus to give rise to the nerves of the arms, as the name brachial suggests. The glossopharyngeal nerve passes through the more anterior part of the jugular foramen pars nervosa, whereas the vagus and spinal accessory nerves pass through the posterior part pars vascularis. This clinically oriented survey of cranial nerve anatomy and function was written. Although the glossopharyngeal nerve is primarily a sensory nerve, it also carries autonomic and somatic motor fibers. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 8th edition free pdf download. The nerve may be injured by diseases affecting the lower brain stem, floor of the posterior fossa, jugular foramen, or the nerve s extracranial course. Glossopharyngeal nerve,its nuclei,course,branches and function. See more ideas about nervous system anatomy, arteries, glossopharyngeal neuralgia. There are separate topics which have been divided into different sections. Glossopharyngeal fibers emerge from the medulla, leave the skullvia the jugular foramen, and run to the throat nerve ix is a mixed nerve with motor and sensoryfunctions motor innervates part of the tongue andpharynx, and provides motor fibers to the parotidsalivary gland sensory fibers conduct taste and.
The glossopharyngeal nerve, which is also called the ninth cranial nerve, has both sensory sensation functions and motor movement functions in the body, as well as specialized sensory function and parasympathetic function. The glossopharyngeal nerve has mainly visceral afferent fibers from the tongue and pharynx, gustatory fibers from the posterior third of the tongue, parasympathetic afferent fibers from carotid sinus and carotid glomus, parasympathetic efferent fibers for the parotid gland and motor fibers for. Pdf glossopharyngeal nerve entrapment researchgate. The nerve emerges from the posterior lateral sulcus of the medulla oblongata dorsal to the inferior olive in close relation with cranial nerve x the. Anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve the university of texas mcgovern medical school explains that the ninth cranial nerve is responsible for sensory fibers in the soft palate roof of the mouth, the upper pharynx throat, the tonsils and the back portion of the tongue. Stylopharyngeal branch of glossopharyngeal nerve wikipedia. The lesser petrosal nerve of the glossopharyngeal nerve, which connects to the parotid gland, contains parasympathetic fibers and stimulates the release of saliva, which is called a secretomotor function. This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 909 of the 20th edition of grays anatomy. Cell bodies of motor neurons, located in the nucleus ambiguus in the medulla oblongata, project as special visceral efferent fibres to. The microsurgical anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve. A large nerve from this plexus is the radial nerve from which the axillary nerve branches to go to the armpit region. Glossopharyngeal nerve anatomy the glossopharyngeal nerve can be divided into three portions.
Lab 10 cranial nerve nuclei and brain stem circulation cranial nerve ix glossopharyngeal nerve. In most cases, the source of irritation is never found. The glossopharyngeal nerve as noted above is a mixed nerve consisting of both sensory and motor nerve fibers. The glossopharyngeal nerve is the ninth ix oftwelve pairs of cranial nerves 24 nerves total.
Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves cranial nerves ix, x. Cisternal portion the rootlets of the glossopharyngeal nerve originate from the upper part of the postolivary sulcus of the medulla oblongata. The efferent nerve in this process is the vagus nerve, cnx. The glossopharyngeal nerve the clinical anatomy of the. Parasympathetic component of the glossopharyngeal nerve that innervates the ipsilateral. The glossopharyngeal nerve connects to the brainstem at the upper medulla, travels through the base of the skull at the jugular foramen, and ends in the mouth in the mucous glands, palatine tonsil, and the base of the tongue. It exits the brainstem out from the sides of the upper medulla, just anterior closer to the nose to the vagus nerve. This is a sensory nucleus where the fibers from the posterior onethird of the tongue, palatine tonsils, oropharynx, mucosa of the middle ear, pharyngotympanic tube and mastoid cells arrive.
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